June 2022 - SEM Trainers

If the pandemic has taught us anything, it is that no matter what life throws at us, we can keep going. While everyone switched to online learning, it was not possible to learn practical medical and surgical skills on a video call. So, we adopted Virtual Reality into simulation training for learning medical and surgical skills so students can still learn practical skills. But Virtual Reality simulators is much more.

What is Virtual Reality and How Does it Apply to Medical Training?

Simulation can be classified into physical, virtual reality, and hybrid. It has already proved to be a widely accepted success in training. It gives students the opportunity to practice procedures wherever they want, whenever they want to. Learners can practice repeatedly in a safe environment, with real-time feedback, and without the risk of causing harm to real patients. But what happens if we introduce virtual reality to simulation training? Let’s first understand what virtual reality is.

Virtual Reality is a computer-generated simulated, 3D environment that you can realistically interact with using special electronic equipment (like a headset with a screen inside or gloves with sensors). There are sensory stimuli present, and how you interact with it partially determines what will happen next. For example, if you wear VR glasses and play a certain game using that, you will feel like you are in the game. In fact, it can be so surreal that many get scared while playing a game with zombies or riding a roller coaster virtually. Through the use of various senses, it creates an immersive experience for you by putting you in scenarios where you are the actor and what you do determines what happens next in the environment.

Using this concept, diverse realistic scenarios can be created for training students in medical and surgical skills. In these scenarios, they enter 360° simulated environments where they experience various sights and sounds that help create a virtual reality.

Today, VR simulators are more realistic and affordable. And research has repeatedly proven the benefits of using VR in simulation training. Without enough hands-on training, students struggle with the development of some cognitive, technical, and socio-emotional skills. This was a problem even before the pandemic- it is hard to provide enough learning opportunities for the students to develop practical skills. VR has helped immensely with this as it allows repeated practice and helps create experiences that might not be so easily accessible(and which may be stressful or rare), and does it without risks or pressure, and without time or space limitations.

Simulating Real Life with Virtual Reality Training

Using virtual reality to train learners on technical skills lets them feel the stress of a real-life scenario without the risks of the real one. And it helps them develop the skills through repeated hands-on practice. Not only are the scenarios realistic, some of them portray some of the not-so-common clinical scenarios where learners are bound to make mistakes. This helps them deal with such situations when they happen in real life.

Simulating a Multiplayer Scenario

Using virtual reality, we can prepare a multiplayer scenario, allowing learners to collaborate and work a case as a team. It lets them interact with each other the way they would do if it was real life. They can identify who gathered which kind of data (like vital signs, physical exam results, case history, and point-of-care testing), and can identify gaps in that data and fill in the blanks. They can delegate responsibilities. Virtual reality training also allows room for interprofessional simulation like by allowing learners from nursing and case management to communicate and collaborate.

Benefits of Virtual Reality Training

There’s a whole myriad of benefits offered by using VR simulation for training:

Realistic learning environments that can be reproduced
Repeated hands-on training
Diverse scenarios (even those that can’t be created otherwise)
Gamification of learning
Performance feedback
Continuous peer interaction

And this leads to:

Better student motivation and presence
Active learning
Improved decision-making abilities
Improved critical thinking abilities
Better communication skills
Helps them identify their strengths and weaknesses
Overall, it leads to better learning and dexterity in the technical skills

Also, virtual reality simulators usually come with an in-built objective evaluation system to track and provide feedback about a learner’s performance after each procedure. This gives various parameters like the time, bleeding, bleeding volume, injuries caused, and a pass or fail remark.

It is evident that incorporating virtual reality into simulation training is capable of delivering better results than using traditional training methods. Virtual reality simulators offer a range of benefits from providing learners with a platform where they can engage in repeated hands-on training to creating scenarios that would not be possible otherwise.

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Echocardiography, which is the use of ultrasound waves to observe the action of the heart, is known to be notoriously difficult to learn and requires extensive training to master. Can simulation in echocardiography be the answer to the growing demand?

Echocardiography needs a lot of skill to master

Today, cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of death around the globe. And as they become more prevalent, the demand for diagnosis also increases. Since echocardiography is an affordable, non-invasive imaging technique that delivers immediate results, it is of importance to see how we can improve the learning process for aspiring learners. But it is difficult to learn.

Apart from being technically competent and practically skilled in what they do, echocardiographers need to understand:

The physics behind the modalities
Sufficient knowledge of the anatomy
The physiology and pathology of the heart

It is hard enough to handle the transducer and connect it to the heart’s anatomy, but they need to understand the basics of ultrasound physics and extract and assess information of the 3D heart from a 2D image.

Challenges to Learning Echocardiography

A 2019 study by Dieden, Carlson, and Gudmundsson discovered the main challenges to learning echocardiography, and the things that could aid the learning. Students found the main challenges to be:

The projections: It can be a sizeable task to steer the transducer and obtain a projection, and then make sense of it. And it can be hard for the students to link the projections to where in the heart the ultrasound beam cut.
Handling the probe: It can be hard for learners to figure out where to place, angle, and turn the transducer for some projections. They can be clueless about how to position and turn the transducer if they never have any practice.
Connecting ultrasound physics and measurements to practical application: Students can find it difficult to link the theory of ultrasound physics to practical performance with the machine.

Things That Help Students Learn Better

The study mentioned above also stated 5 things that would improve learning:

Immediate feedback: Real-time feedback and correction from instructors and the screens on the task trainers can improve the learning process; like if the screen can tell them whether they have placed the transducer correctly
Playing with the ultrasound machine: it allows learners to use the machine firsthand where no button is off-limits and nothing can go wrong
Video lectures
The possibility to swiftly alternate between practice and theory: while getting hands-on experience with the ultrasound machine helps learners practice what they just learned, it also helps them understand when and how to apply some concepts and measurements in the clinical setting
Learning by their mistakes in a risk-free environment without serious consequences: Students learn to accept that making mistakes is a positive part of the learning process and can make them better at the task

It is interesting to see that 4 out of the 5 things mentioned above can be achieved with the help of manikins and simulators. Using a manikin helps students learn echocardiography in a way that lets them truly understand the fundamentals behind what they are learning, and can even help learners link the anatomy of the heart, placing the probe, and the location of the beam. Echocardiographic simulation can aid traditional training strategies and improve their efficiency.

It can be hard to get real heart patients for learners to operate on. Additionally, if they do learn by operating on real patients, it can make the patients uncomfortable, put them at risk, and breach their privacy. And it can be hard for teachers to explain concepts to learners while managing the needs of a live patient.

It is well-known how simulators allow repeated practice of diverse scenarios ranging from high-risk to rare, and have been adopted into medical and surgical training. Numerous studies have proved that using simulations and mannequins for learning echocardiography is largely beneficial.

By incorporating simulation in echocardiography, learners profit by shorter learning times(by accelerating the learning process), better outcomes, and lower complication rates. They learn to manipulate the transducer better and angulate it to the skin safely, and comprehend the projections easily. Finally, incorporating simulation in echocardiography helps produce competency.

Monthly Archives: June 2022

Benefits of Virtual Reality Simulators in Medical Simulation Training